What is the difference between cladding and render on an external wall?

External wall cladding systems use discrete panels, boards, or tiles fixed mechanically or adhesively to the wall substrate, creating a defined outer skin. Render is applied as a wet, workable material directly to the substrate or to the face of an insulation board, forming a continuous monolithic coating. Both can be components of an External Wall Insulation (EWI) system, with render applied over insulation boards rather than individual panels.